Jeren Jude Bacas, widely known as Thailand Girl “TG” in her popular vlogs, recently shared her candid and rather shocking experience of a 5-day tour in Vietnam. While many travelers seek out new destinations for their culinary delights, breathtaking landscapes, and unique cultural immersions, TG’s account highlights a crucial, often overlooked, aspect of travel the human element. Her journey through Vietnam, a country she had anticipated exploring, unfortunately turned into a stark reminder that even the most delicious food and aromatic coffee cannot compensate for a negative reception from locals.
Thailand Girl Phot File FB Account
TG, who has traveled extensively, did not hold back in her assessment, labeling Vietnam as the “worst country” she has visited and one she would not recommend returning to. Her critique goes beyond the typical tourist checklist. She emphasizes that a fulfilling travel experience hinges not just on the quality of food, the beauty of destinations, or the taste of local coffee, but profoundly on how tourists are treated and respected by the people of the country they are visiting. This sentiment underscores a growing awareness among travelers that authentic cultural exchange and genuine hospitality are as vital as any physical attraction.
The culinary aspect of TG’s Vietnamese tour, by all accounts, was exceptional. She consistently praised the food, noting its deliciousness and unique “aftertaste” that made every meal a memorable event, regardless of the location. The coffee, too, received high marks, described as consistently superb. This gastronomic success, however, only served to amplify the disappointment stemming from her interactions with the local population.
“The people in Vietnam are rude and very arrogant towards tourists,” TG stated emphatically in her vlog, describing the locals’ attitudes as having a “fiery temper.” She found the people’s demeanor to be as intense and unwelcoming as the country’s sweltering heat. This stark contrast between the appealing cuisine and the off-putting behavior of the people created a dissonant travel experience for her.
TG drew a comparison to her experiences in Thailand, where she felt a genuine connection to the culture and found the interactions with locals to be positive and enriching. In Thailand, she experienced what she describes as “tutoring” a form of cultural exchange that made her feel welcomed and understood. This positive experience in Thailand further highlighted the negative impact of the Vietnamese people’s perceived unfriendliness towards tourists.
TG’s account serves as a valuable, albeit cautionary, tale for both potential travelers and the tourism industry. It reminds us that while infrastructure, attractions, and cuisine are essential components of a tourist destination, the warmth and respect extended to visitors by the local populace can make or break an entire travel experience. For TG, the vibrant flavors of Vietnam were ultimately overshadowed by an unwelcoming atmosphere, leading her to conclude that a country’s people are as significant a part of its appeal as its famous dishes and scenic views. Her experience prompts a broader conversation about the importance of cultural sensitivity and genuine hospitality in shaping a destination’s global reputation.
A Traveler’s Ordeal: When Immigration Becomes an Obstacle
The journey of travel, often anticipated with excitement and eagerness, can quickly turn into a harrowing ordeal when confronted with unwelcoming immigration processes. One traveler’s recent experience paints a stark picture of such a situation, highlighting significant challenges faced not only in the Philippines but also, as described, in Vietnam.
The traveler recounts an arduous entry into Vietnam, beginning with a two-hour wait before even being processed. This initial delay was compounded by an unsettling encounter at the barricade. According to the account, Vietnamese individuals approached the traveler in a manner described as aggressive, with one person even making a dismissive gesture. The traveler’s attire, deemed too formal and “government-like” rather than fitting a “trans” or typical traveler’s style, reportedly drew ridicule from the Vietnamese onlookers.
This stark contrast was further emphasized by a comparison to experiences in the Philippines. While acknowledging that certain aspects of Filipino culture might differ, the traveler felt that the Philippines did not present the same level of “culture shock” regarding attire. The implication is that while fashion and presentation might vary, the reception and treatment at immigration should ideally be more professional and less judgmental. The traveler expressed a firm stance, stating that such treatment in Vietnam could potentially worsen the situation, and adopted a stern demeanor to avoid becoming a viral sensation for the wrong reasons.
Despite the negative interactions, the traveler noted that the tour itself was far from “cheap” or “simple.” The group reportedly traveled in a luxurious limousine, indicating a significant investment in the travel experience. The companions were described as affluent, suggesting that the tour was meticulously planned and executed with a focus on comfort and exclusivity, a “VIP tour.” This raises a critical question: if a well-prepared, VIP experience was marred by such difficulties, what must be the reality for ordinary travelers, or fellow Filipinos, who may not have the same resources or status?
This personal account serves as a potent reminder that while borders open up the world, the experiences within them can vary dramatically. It underscores the importance of efficient, respectful, and humane immigration processes, regardless of a traveler’s origin, appearance, or the nature of their tour. The traveler’s swallowed pride and the described “matarayat” (stern) gaze speak volumes about the emotional toll such encounters can take, transforming a planned excursion into a test of resilience and dignity. The question lingers: have others experienced similar adversies, and what can be done to ensure that travel remains a bridge between cultures, rather than a barrier of unpleasant encounters?
Navigating the Nuances: Hospitality and Language in the Traveler’s Journey
The allure of travel lies not just in the picturesque landscapes and vibrant cultures, but also in the human connections we forge along the way. For many, a warm reception and the ability to communicate, even with basic phrases, can elevate a trip from memorable to truly transformative. However, as any seasoned traveler knows, these experiences can be a mixed bag, often varying dramatically from one destination to another. Recent observations, echoed by travel vloggers, highlight a stark contrast in hospitality and language accessibility in certain parts of Southeast Asia when compared to the Philippines and Thailand, prompting a deeper reflection on what makes a destination truly welcoming.
One of the most striking observations revolves around the perceived lack of hospitality and the apparent reluctance to engage with tourists. The narrative suggests a scenario where asking questions, even those seemingly basic or essential for navigating a new environment, is met with impatience or even hostility. This can create a palpable sense of unease for travelers, making them hesitant to explore or seek assistance. The sentiment expressed is that interactions feel transactional, devoid of the genuine warmth that can make a foreign land feel like a temporary home. It’s as if the simple act of inquiry is seen as an imposition, a burden rather than an opportunity to assist a visitor.
This perceived unfriendliness is often compounded by language barriers. While many travelers are aware that English may not be universally spoken, the extent of the difficulty described is notable. Even fundamental words or phrases that facilitate daily interactions, such as “stop,” “wait,” or inquiries about product availability in shops, seem to be a struggle for some. This is particularly poignant when contrasted with the Philippines, where English proficiency, even among those with limited formal education, is often remarkably high. Similarly, while Thailand might also present English language challenges, travelers often report that basic, everyday English is more commonly understood, and the inherent hospitality of the Thai people often bridges the communication gap. The vlogger’s experience suggests a situation where, despite the availability of translation tools, a lack of willingness to use them or to make an effort to understand persists, leading to a frustrating experience for the tourist.
The comparison drawn to the Philippines and Thailand serves as a crucial point of reference. These nations are often lauded for their “Filipino Hospitality” and the general friendliness of their people, respectively. In the Philippines, the ability of vendors, even those without extensive schooling, to converse in English is a testament to the country’s linguistic landscape. In Thailand, while English fluency might vary, the underlying culture of politeness and helpfulness often ensures that tourists feel welcome and cared for, even if communication requires gestures and patience. The vlogger’s struggle, therefore, is not merely about language; it’s about the perceived absence of a welcoming spirit that is so characteristic of other popular tourist destinations in the region.
This commentary is not intended to generalize or paint entire populations with a broad brush. Travel experiences are subjective and can be influenced by countless factors, including individual encounters, specific locations within a country, and the traveler’s own expectations. However, when multiple accounts converge to describe a similar pattern, it warrants attention. It raises questions about cultural norms, the impact of tourism on local attitudes, and the importance of cultivating an environment where visitors feel not just tolerated, but genuinely welcomed.
Ultimately, the essence of travel is often found in the human element. While stunning sights are a draw, it is the kindness of strangers, the ease of communication, and the feeling of being a valued guest that truly enriches the journey. For destinations aspiring to attract and retain tourists, fostering an atmosphere of genuine hospitality and making efforts to improve communication accessibility, even through basic English or a willingness to use translation tools, can make all the difference. It’s about creating an experience where every visitor, regardless of their linguistic prowess, feels seen, heard, and appreciated.
The experience in Vietnam, despite the availability of translation tools, proved to be quite challenging and even induced a sense of culture shock, primarily due to the perceived lack of hospitality and the unwelcoming demeanor of the locals. Even when armed with technology to bridge the language barrier, there was a palpable indifference, as if the act of seeking clarification was an unwelcome imposition, a futile endeavor.
This sentiment extended to interactions with shopkeepers. Unlike the warm and accommodating nature often encountered in places like the Philippines or even Thailand, where inquiries about available colors or items are met with helpfulness, the vendors in Vietnam were described as remarkably curt and unapproachable. Their responses often felt dismissive, leaving one with the impression that their primary concern was simply to complete the transaction without any genuine engagement or assistance.
Furthermore, the vlogger highlighted a significant struggle with the English language among the Vietnamese population. Even rudimentary English words, essential for basic communication such as “stop” or “wait,” seemed to be largely unknown. This starkly contrasted with the Philippines, where even vendors with limited formal education often possess a grasp of basic English phrases. Similarly, while acknowledging some English language challenges in Thailand, the vlogger noted that everyday essential words were generally understood. The overarching observation was that despite potential language barriers, Thailand’s prevailing hospitality towards its people and tourists created a far more welcoming and comfortable environment compared to the experience in Vietnam.
TG’s, Vietnam struggling in Basic English
The experience in Vietnam, despite the availability of translation tools, proved to be quite challenging and even induced a sense of culture shock, primarily due to the perceived lack of hospitality and the unwelcoming demeanor of the locals. Even when armed with technology to bridge the language barrier, there was a palpable indifference, as if the act of seeking clarification was an unwelcome imposition, a futile endeavor.
This sentiment extended to interactions with shopkeepers. Unlike the warm and accommodating nature often encountered in places like the Philippines or even Thailand, where inquiries about available colors or items are met with helpfulness, the vendors in Vietnam were described as remarkably curt and unapproachable. Their responses often felt dismissive, leaving one with the impression that their primary concern was simply to complete the transaction without any genuine engagement or assistance.
Furthermore, the vlogger highlighted a significant struggle with the English language among the Vietnamese population. Even rudimentary English words, essential for basic communication such as “stop” or “wait,” seemed to be largely unknown. This starkly contrasted with the Philippines, where even vendors with limited formal education often possess a grasp of basic English phrases. Similarly, while acknowledging some English language challenges in Thailand, the vlogger noted that everyday essential words were generally understood. The overarching observation was that despite potential language barriers, Thailand’s prevailing hospitality towards its people and tourists created a far more welcoming and comfortable environment compared to the experience in Vietnam.
“Sneered At and Laughed At”: LGBT Traveler Recounts Hostile Reception and Unsafe Conditions in Vietnam
According to her account, Vietnam proved to be unwelcoming, particularly concerning the LGBT community. She recounted an experience where she and her friend, who is also LGBT and was dressed in perfectly formal attire, were openly sneered at and laughed at. Furthermore, she expressed her dismay at the pervasive uncleanliness she encountered, noting that the dirt and grime were present in virtually every area. She also observed a complete absence of traffic regulations, with vehicles moving in all directions, haphazardly crossing intersections and roads. This lack of order made her feel unsafe, especially when contrasted with the Philippines, where traffic rules are strictly enforced, clearly defining rights and outlining expected behaviors and procedures in various situations.
The extreme laxity regarding traffic rules in Vietnam, to the point of their virtual non-existence, was a significant concern. While people were seen casually enjoying coffee and meals, she pondered the severe disadvantages and potential dangers for newcomers or tourists, highlighting the grim possibility of fatal accidents.
The text then introduces a specific example: “There are few places in the world where you can sip coffee while a train rumbles past just inches from your knees. Hanoi’s Train Street is one of them – a narrow strip of railway wedged between residential buildings that’s gone viral for obvious reasons.” This is contrasted with the Philippines, where trains have designated tracks and strict protocols are in place for the general safety of the public. In Hanoi, however, the train passing through this area has become a notable attraction, where people can eat and drink coffee even as the train approaches.
She concluded by stating that, overall, she has no desire to revisit Vietnam. She described the people as inhospitable, irritable, and quick-tempered. Consequently, she would not recommend Vietnam to Filipinos or people of other nationalities, suggesting it would be a stressful experience. She advised seeking alternative destinations to avoid such stress, despite acknowledging that Vietnam offers beautiful scenery. The underlying sentiment is that while the destinations themselves may be appealing, the interactions with the people would likely lead to significant stress.
Worst Country I’ve Visited- Thailand Girl, Stark Warning After Disappointing Vietnam Trip
Jeren Jude Bacas, widely known as Thailand Girl “TG” in her popular vlogs, recently shared her candid and rather shocking experience of a 5-day tour in Vietnam. While many travelers seek out new destinations for their culinary delights, breathtaking landscapes, and unique cultural immersions, TG’s account highlights a crucial, often overlooked, aspect of travel the human element. Her journey through Vietnam, a country she had anticipated exploring, unfortunately turned into a stark reminder that even the most delicious food and aromatic coffee cannot compensate for a negative reception from locals.
TG, who has traveled extensively, did not hold back in her assessment, labeling Vietnam as the “worst country” she has visited and one she would not recommend returning to. Her critique goes beyond the typical tourist checklist. She emphasizes that a fulfilling travel experience hinges not just on the quality of food, the beauty of destinations, or the taste of local coffee, but profoundly on how tourists are treated and respected by the people of the country they are visiting. This sentiment underscores a growing awareness among travelers that authentic cultural exchange and genuine hospitality are as vital as any physical attraction.
READ MORE
The culinary aspect of TG’s Vietnamese tour, by all accounts, was exceptional. She consistently praised the food, noting its deliciousness and unique “aftertaste” that made every meal a memorable event, regardless of the location. The coffee, too, received high marks, described as consistently superb. This gastronomic success, however, only served to amplify the disappointment stemming from her interactions with the local population.
“The people in Vietnam are rude and very arrogant towards tourists,” TG stated emphatically in her vlog, describing the locals’ attitudes as having a “fiery temper.” She found the people’s demeanor to be as intense and unwelcoming as the country’s sweltering heat. This stark contrast between the appealing cuisine and the off-putting behavior of the people created a dissonant travel experience for her.
TG drew a comparison to her experiences in Thailand, where she felt a genuine connection to the culture and found the interactions with locals to be positive and enriching. In Thailand, she experienced what she describes as “tutoring” a form of cultural exchange that made her feel welcomed and understood. This positive experience in Thailand further highlighted the negative impact of the Vietnamese people’s perceived unfriendliness towards tourists.
TG’s account serves as a valuable, albeit cautionary, tale for both potential travelers and the tourism industry. It reminds us that while infrastructure, attractions, and cuisine are essential components of a tourist destination, the warmth and respect extended to visitors by the local populace can make or break an entire travel experience. For TG, the vibrant flavors of Vietnam were ultimately overshadowed by an unwelcoming atmosphere, leading her to conclude that a country’s people are as significant a part of its appeal as its famous dishes and scenic views. Her experience prompts a broader conversation about the importance of cultural sensitivity and genuine hospitality in shaping a destination’s global reputation.
A Traveler’s Ordeal: When Immigration Becomes an Obstacle
The journey of travel, often anticipated with excitement and eagerness, can quickly turn into a harrowing ordeal when confronted with unwelcoming immigration processes. One traveler’s recent experience paints a stark picture of such a situation, highlighting significant challenges faced not only in the Philippines but also, as described, in Vietnam.
The traveler recounts an arduous entry into Vietnam, beginning with a two-hour wait before even being processed. This initial delay was compounded by an unsettling encounter at the barricade. According to the account, Vietnamese individuals approached the traveler in a manner described as aggressive, with one person even making a dismissive gesture. The traveler’s attire, deemed too formal and “government-like” rather than fitting a “trans” or typical traveler’s style, reportedly drew ridicule from the Vietnamese onlookers.
This stark contrast was further emphasized by a comparison to experiences in the Philippines. While acknowledging that certain aspects of Filipino culture might differ, the traveler felt that the Philippines did not present the same level of “culture shock” regarding attire. The implication is that while fashion and presentation might vary, the reception and treatment at immigration should ideally be more professional and less judgmental. The traveler expressed a firm stance, stating that such treatment in Vietnam could potentially worsen the situation, and adopted a stern demeanor to avoid becoming a viral sensation for the wrong reasons.
Despite the negative interactions, the traveler noted that the tour itself was far from “cheap” or “simple.” The group reportedly traveled in a luxurious limousine, indicating a significant investment in the travel experience. The companions were described as affluent, suggesting that the tour was meticulously planned and executed with a focus on comfort and exclusivity, a “VIP tour.” This raises a critical question: if a well-prepared, VIP experience was marred by such difficulties, what must be the reality for ordinary travelers, or fellow Filipinos, who may not have the same resources or status?
This personal account serves as a potent reminder that while borders open up the world, the experiences within them can vary dramatically. It underscores the importance of efficient, respectful, and humane immigration processes, regardless of a traveler’s origin, appearance, or the nature of their tour. The traveler’s swallowed pride and the described “matarayat” (stern) gaze speak volumes about the emotional toll such encounters can take, transforming a planned excursion into a test of resilience and dignity. The question lingers: have others experienced similar adversies, and what can be done to ensure that travel remains a bridge between cultures, rather than a barrier of unpleasant encounters?
Navigating the Nuances: Hospitality and Language in the Traveler’s Journey
The allure of travel lies not just in the picturesque landscapes and vibrant cultures, but also in the human connections we forge along the way. For many, a warm reception and the ability to communicate, even with basic phrases, can elevate a trip from memorable to truly transformative. However, as any seasoned traveler knows, these experiences can be a mixed bag, often varying dramatically from one destination to another. Recent observations, echoed by travel vloggers, highlight a stark contrast in hospitality and language accessibility in certain parts of Southeast Asia when compared to the Philippines and Thailand, prompting a deeper reflection on what makes a destination truly welcoming.
One of the most striking observations revolves around the perceived lack of hospitality and the apparent reluctance to engage with tourists. The narrative suggests a scenario where asking questions, even those seemingly basic or essential for navigating a new environment, is met with impatience or even hostility. This can create a palpable sense of unease for travelers, making them hesitant to explore or seek assistance. The sentiment expressed is that interactions feel transactional, devoid of the genuine warmth that can make a foreign land feel like a temporary home. It’s as if the simple act of inquiry is seen as an imposition, a burden rather than an opportunity to assist a visitor.
This perceived unfriendliness is often compounded by language barriers. While many travelers are aware that English may not be universally spoken, the extent of the difficulty described is notable. Even fundamental words or phrases that facilitate daily interactions, such as “stop,” “wait,” or inquiries about product availability in shops, seem to be a struggle for some. This is particularly poignant when contrasted with the Philippines, where English proficiency, even among those with limited formal education, is often remarkably high. Similarly, while Thailand might also present English language challenges, travelers often report that basic, everyday English is more commonly understood, and the inherent hospitality of the Thai people often bridges the communication gap. The vlogger’s experience suggests a situation where, despite the availability of translation tools, a lack of willingness to use them or to make an effort to understand persists, leading to a frustrating experience for the tourist.
The comparison drawn to the Philippines and Thailand serves as a crucial point of reference. These nations are often lauded for their “Filipino Hospitality” and the general friendliness of their people, respectively. In the Philippines, the ability of vendors, even those without extensive schooling, to converse in English is a testament to the country’s linguistic landscape. In Thailand, while English fluency might vary, the underlying culture of politeness and helpfulness often ensures that tourists feel welcome and cared for, even if communication requires gestures and patience. The vlogger’s struggle, therefore, is not merely about language; it’s about the perceived absence of a welcoming spirit that is so characteristic of other popular tourist destinations in the region.
This commentary is not intended to generalize or paint entire populations with a broad brush. Travel experiences are subjective and can be influenced by countless factors, including individual encounters, specific locations within a country, and the traveler’s own expectations. However, when multiple accounts converge to describe a similar pattern, it warrants attention. It raises questions about cultural norms, the impact of tourism on local attitudes, and the importance of cultivating an environment where visitors feel not just tolerated, but genuinely welcomed.
Ultimately, the essence of travel is often found in the human element. While stunning sights are a draw, it is the kindness of strangers, the ease of communication, and the feeling of being a valued guest that truly enriches the journey. For destinations aspiring to attract and retain tourists, fostering an atmosphere of genuine hospitality and making efforts to improve communication accessibility, even through basic English or a willingness to use translation tools, can make all the difference. It’s about creating an experience where every visitor, regardless of their linguistic prowess, feels seen, heard, and appreciated.
The experience in Vietnam, despite the availability of translation tools, proved to be quite challenging and even induced a sense of culture shock, primarily due to the perceived lack of hospitality and the unwelcoming demeanor of the locals. Even when armed with technology to bridge the language barrier, there was a palpable indifference, as if the act of seeking clarification was an unwelcome imposition, a futile endeavor.
This sentiment extended to interactions with shopkeepers. Unlike the warm and accommodating nature often encountered in places like the Philippines or even Thailand, where inquiries about available colors or items are met with helpfulness, the vendors in Vietnam were described as remarkably curt and unapproachable. Their responses often felt dismissive, leaving one with the impression that their primary concern was simply to complete the transaction without any genuine engagement or assistance.
Furthermore, the vlogger highlighted a significant struggle with the English language among the Vietnamese population. Even rudimentary English words, essential for basic communication such as “stop” or “wait,” seemed to be largely unknown. This starkly contrasted with the Philippines, where even vendors with limited formal education often possess a grasp of basic English phrases. Similarly, while acknowledging some English language challenges in Thailand, the vlogger noted that everyday essential words were generally understood. The overarching observation was that despite potential language barriers, Thailand’s prevailing hospitality towards its people and tourists created a far more welcoming and comfortable environment compared to the experience in Vietnam.
TG’s, Vietnam struggling in Basic English
The experience in Vietnam, despite the availability of translation tools, proved to be quite challenging and even induced a sense of culture shock, primarily due to the perceived lack of hospitality and the unwelcoming demeanor of the locals. Even when armed with technology to bridge the language barrier, there was a palpable indifference, as if the act of seeking clarification was an unwelcome imposition, a futile endeavor.
This sentiment extended to interactions with shopkeepers. Unlike the warm and accommodating nature often encountered in places like the Philippines or even Thailand, where inquiries about available colors or items are met with helpfulness, the vendors in Vietnam were described as remarkably curt and unapproachable. Their responses often felt dismissive, leaving one with the impression that their primary concern was simply to complete the transaction without any genuine engagement or assistance.
Furthermore, the vlogger highlighted a significant struggle with the English language among the Vietnamese population. Even rudimentary English words, essential for basic communication such as “stop” or “wait,” seemed to be largely unknown. This starkly contrasted with the Philippines, where even vendors with limited formal education often possess a grasp of basic English phrases. Similarly, while acknowledging some English language challenges in Thailand, the vlogger noted that everyday essential words were generally understood. The overarching observation was that despite potential language barriers, Thailand’s prevailing hospitality towards its people and tourists created a far more welcoming and comfortable environment compared to the experience in Vietnam.
“Sneered At and Laughed At”: LGBT Traveler Recounts Hostile Reception and Unsafe Conditions in Vietnam
According to her account, Vietnam proved to be unwelcoming, particularly concerning the LGBT community. She recounted an experience where she and her friend, who is also LGBT and was dressed in perfectly formal attire, were openly sneered at and laughed at. Furthermore, she expressed her dismay at the pervasive uncleanliness she encountered, noting that the dirt and grime were present in virtually every area. She also observed a complete absence of traffic regulations, with vehicles moving in all directions, haphazardly crossing intersections and roads. This lack of order made her feel unsafe, especially when contrasted with the Philippines, where traffic rules are strictly enforced, clearly defining rights and outlining expected behaviors and procedures in various situations.
The extreme laxity regarding traffic rules in Vietnam, to the point of their virtual non-existence, was a significant concern. While people were seen casually enjoying coffee and meals, she pondered the severe disadvantages and potential dangers for newcomers or tourists, highlighting the grim possibility of fatal accidents.
The text then introduces a specific example: “There are few places in the world where you can sip coffee while a train rumbles past just inches from your knees. Hanoi’s Train Street is one of them – a narrow strip of railway wedged between residential buildings that’s gone viral for obvious reasons.” This is contrasted with the Philippines, where trains have designated tracks and strict protocols are in place for the general safety of the public. In Hanoi, however, the train passing through this area has become a notable attraction, where people can eat and drink coffee even as the train approaches.
She concluded by stating that, overall, she has no desire to revisit Vietnam. She described the people as inhospitable, irritable, and quick-tempered. Consequently, she would not recommend Vietnam to Filipinos or people of other nationalities, suggesting it would be a stressful experience. She advised seeking alternative destinations to avoid such stress, despite acknowledging that Vietnam offers beautiful scenery. The underlying sentiment is that while the destinations themselves may be appealing, the interactions with the people would likely lead to significant stress.