Donald J. Trump

Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American businessman, media figure, and politician, currently serving as the 47th president of the United States. A Republican, he previously held the office as the 45th president from 2017 to 2021.

Born into a wealthy New York City family, Trump earned a bachelor’s degree in economics from the University of Pennsylvania in 1968. In 1971, he took the helm of his family’s real estate enterprise, rebranding it as the Trump Organization, and embarked on developing skyscrapers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses. He also pursued numerous side ventures, often licensing his name, and navigated six corporate bankruptcies during the 1990s and 2000s. From 2004 to 2015, he rose to wider fame as the host of the reality TV show The Apprentice, reinforcing his image as a billionaire entrepreneur. Positioning himself as an outsider to politics, Trump won the 2016 presidential election against Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton.

During his first term, Trump implemented a travel ban on seven Muslim-majority nations, expanded the U.S.–Mexico border wall, and enforced a family separation policy at the border. He rolled back numerous environmental and business regulations, enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, and appointed three Supreme Court justices. He withdrew the United States from international agreements on climate change, trade, and Iran’s nuclear program, and engaged in a trade war with China. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, he downplayed the virus, often contradicting health officials, while signing the CARES Act to provide economic relief. Following his defeat to Joe Biden in the 2020 election, Trump sought to overturn the results, culminating in the January 6, 2021, Capitol attack. He was impeached twice—first in 2019 for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress, and again in 2021 for incitement of insurrection—but was acquitted by the Senate on both occasions.

Trump’s public profile rose significantly when he hosted the reality television program The Apprentice from 2004 to 2015, reinforcing his image as a high-profile billionaire entrepreneur. Positioning himself as a political outsider challenging the establishment, he secured a historic victory in the 2016 presidential election, defeating Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton.

During his first term in office, Trump enacted a travel restriction affecting seven Muslim-majority nations, pushed forward the expansion of the U.S.–Mexico border wall, and implemented a controversial family separation policy at the southern border. His administration reduced environmental and corporate regulations, approved the sweeping Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, and appointed three justices to the Supreme Court. On the international stage, he withdrew the United States from key agreements involving climate policy, global trade, and Iran’s nuclear program, while also launching a trade confrontation with China.

When the COVID-19 pandemic struck in 2020, Trump publicly minimized its seriousness at times, clashed with public health officials, and signed into law the CARES Act to address the economic fallout. Following his defeat to Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election, he sought to challenge and overturn the results, efforts that culminated in the January 6, 2021 attack on the U.S. Capitol. He was impeached twice—first in 2019 on charges of abuse of power and obstruction of Congress, and again in 2021 for incitement of insurrection—though he was acquitted by the Senate on both occasions.

In 2023, Trump was held liable in civil court for sexual abuse, defamation, and business fraud. The following year, he was convicted on 34 felony counts related to falsifying business records, becoming the first U.S. president to be found guilty of a felony offense. After defeating Vice President Kamala Harris in the 2024 presidential election, he received a discharge sentence, while two federal felony cases—concerning classified documents and alleged interference in the 2020 election—were dismissed without prejudice.

At the outset of his second term, Trump moved to implement sweeping reductions in the federal workforce. He introduced broad tariffs at levels not seen since the Great Depression and signed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act into law. A number of his administration’s initiatives—including actions targeting political opponents and civil society groups, policies affecting transgender individuals, large-scale immigration deportations, and extensive reliance on executive orders—have sparked significant legal challenges, resulting in hundreds of lawsuits questioning their constitutionality and legality.

Since 2015, Trump’s governing approach and policy platform—widely labeled as “Trumpism”—have significantly transformed the character and direction of the Republican Party. Numerous critics have described some of his rhetoric and conduct as racist or misogynistic. Throughout his campaigns and time in office, he made a large volume of statements that fact-checkers identified as false or misleading, at levels many observers considered unprecedented in modern U.S. political history. He has also amplified and promoted various conspiracy theories.

Scholars and political analysts have characterized aspects of his leadership style as authoritarian in nature and argue that his tenure contributed to democratic backsliding in the United States. Following the conclusion of his first term, several academic and historical surveys ranked him among the lowest-rated presidents in American history.

Early life and education of Donald Trump

Donald John Trump was born on June 14, 1946, at Jamaica Hospital in Queens, New York City. He was the fourth of five children born to real estate developer Fred Trump and Mary Anne MacLeod Trump, and he has German and Scottish ancestry. Raised in the Jamaica Estates neighborhood of Queens, Trump grew up in a 23-room family mansion alongside his siblings Maryanne, Fred Jr., Elizabeth, and his younger brother, Robert. Their father provided each child with a substantial annual allowance—about $20,000 at the time, equivalent to roughly $265,000 in 2024—making Trump a millionaire in inflation-adjusted terms by the age of eight.

Trump attended the private Kew-Forest School through seventh grade before his father enrolled him at the New York Military Academy, a private boarding school he attended from eighth through twelfth grade. The academy emphasized athletic participation and instilled a strong competitive ethos centered on winning.

Initially drawn to the possibility of a career in entertainment, Trump ultimately chose a different path, enrolling at Fordham University in 1964 to remain closer to home. During his freshman year, he joined the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps and wore a military uniform to weekly classes, though he left the program the following year. As a junior, he transferred to the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, frequently commuting on weekends to work at his father’s real estate office. He graduated in May 1968 with a Bachelor of Science degree in economics. Although Trump later claimed to have graduated at the top of his class, published academic honors lists from Wharton do not include his name. By his time at Wharton, he had already set his sights on a future in real estate. During the Vietnam War era, he received a draft deferment based on a diagnosis of bone spurs in his heels.

Business career of Donald Trump

Real Estate

Beginning in 1968, Trump joined Trump Management, the real estate company founded by his father, Fred Trump. The firm oversaw middle-income apartment buildings constructed in Queens, Staten Island, and Brooklyn. For roughly five years, Trump’s responsibilities included collecting rent payments and supervising maintenance and repairs. During this period, he urged his father to expand into Manhattan, where property values and prestige were higher, though Fred Trump preferred to focus on developments in the outer boroughs.

In 1971, Trump relocated to Manhattan with ambitions of shifting the company’s center of operations there, while continuing to commute to his father’s office. That same year, Fred Trump became chairman of the business and Donald Trump was named president. Trump began consolidating the family’s various ventures under the umbrella name “The Trump Organization.”

A major early influence on Trump—after his father—was attorney Roy Cohn, who served as his lawyer, adviser, and political mentor for more than a decade during the 1970s and 1980s. Cohn encouraged an aggressive, highly transactional view of business and legal strategy. In 1973, with Cohn’s guidance, Trump countersued the U.S. government for $100 million after federal authorities accused the Trump properties of discriminating against Black renters. The dispute ended in a consent decree requiring desegregation; several years later, the Trumps returned to court over alleged violations of that agreement. Cohn also assisted with Trump’s development projects and introduced him to political consultant Roger Stone, whose services Trump later retained in dealings with the federal government.

Throughout his career, Trump developed a reputation for frequent litigation, often framing legal battles as victories regardless of the outcome. By 2018, he had been involved in more than 4,000 legal actions, including lawsuits, liens, and other filings—many stemming from disputes over nonpayment involving employees, contractors, brokers, and attorneys. Between 1991 and 2009, six of his businesses sought Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, including the Plaza Hotel in Manhattan, multiple Atlantic City casinos, and the Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts company.

In the early 1990s, Trump and several family members established a shell company that paid vendors supplying goods and services to Trump-owned rental properties. Those costs were then billed to Trump Management at marked-up rates, which helped justify applications for higher rents on rent-stabilized apartments. The arrangement also functioned as a means of transferring assets from Fred Trump to his children and nephew while reducing their overall tax burden.

Manhattan and Chicago Developments

Trump first drew major public attention in 1978 with the launch of his family’s inaugural Manhattan project—the transformation of the deteriorating Commodore Hotel beside Grand Central Terminal. The ambitious redevelopment was made possible in part by a $400 million property tax abatement granted by New York City, arranged with assistance from his father. Fred Trump also partnered with Hyatt to guarantee a $70 million construction loan. The property reopened in 1980 as the Grand Hyatt Hotel, marking Trump’s high-profile entry into Manhattan real estate.

That same year, he secured the rights to build Trump Tower, a prominent mixed-use skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan. The tower became home to the headquarters of the Trump Organization and his political action committee, and it served as his primary residence until 2019.

In 1988, Trump purchased the iconic Plaza Hotel through financing provided by a consortium of 16 banks. However, mounting financial pressures led the hotel to seek bankruptcy protection in 1992. A restructuring plan soon followed, transferring control of the property to the lending banks.

By 1995, Trump had defaulted on more than $3 billion in loans. Creditors took control of the Plaza Hotel and several other holdings in what was widely described as a sweeping and deeply embarrassing financial restructuring—though it enabled him to avoid declaring personal bankruptcy.

His last major ground-up development project was the 92-story Trump International Hotel and Tower in Chicago, completed in 2008. In 2024, investigative reporting by The New York Times and ProPublica revealed that the Internal Revenue Service was examining whether Trump had claimed tax deductions twice for losses tied to construction overruns and slow condominium sales, after declaring the project essentially worthless on his 2008 tax return.

Atlantic City Casinos

Trump entered the Atlantic City gambling industry in 1984 with the opening of Harrah’s at Trump Plaza, developed with financial backing and operational support from Holiday Corporation. The venture struggled financially, and by 1986 he paid $70 million to assume full control.

In 1985, he acquired the unfinished Atlantic City Hilton, rebranding it as Trump’s Castle. Both Trump Plaza and Trump’s Castle later sought Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 1992 amid mounting debt.

In 1988, he expanded further by purchasing the Trump Taj Mahal, financed primarily through $675 million in high-yield “junk” bonds. The lavish resort, completed at a cost of $1.1 billion, opened in April 1990 but filed for bankruptcy the following year. Under a restructuring agreement, Trump relinquished half of his ownership stake and personally guaranteed certain obligations. To reduce approximately $900 million in personal debt, he sold assets including the Trump Shuttle airline, his yacht Trump Princess, and other holdings.

In 1995, he established Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), which consolidated his casino properties. THCR later acquired the Taj Mahal and Trump’s Castle but declared bankruptcy in 2004 and again in 2009, leaving Trump with a reduced ownership stake of about 10 percent. He remained chairman of the company until 2009.

Golf Clubs

In 1985, Trump purchased the Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach, Florida. A decade later, he transformed the property into a private club supported by initiation fees and annual dues, while retaining part of the residence for personal use. In 2019, he formally designated it as his primary residence.

Beginning in 1999, he expanded into the golf industry, acquiring and developing courses in the United States and abroad. By 2016, he owned 17 golf properties worldwide.

Licensing the Trump Name

Beyond property development, the Trump Organization frequently licensed the Trump name for a wide range of consumer goods and services, including food products, clothing, educational programs, and home furnishings. At its height, more than 50 licensing or management agreements used the brand, generating tens of millions of dollars in revenue. By 2018, only a small number of consumer brands continued such partnerships.

During the 2000s, Trump also licensed his name to residential developments around the world, though many of the announced projects were never complete.

Side Ventures

Trump’s business activities extended beyond real estate and casinos. In 1970, he invested $70,000 to receive co-producer credit for a Broadway comedy, ultimately losing the investment. After unsuccessful attempts to purchase the New York Mets and Cleveland Indians baseball teams, he acquired the New Jersey Generals of the United States Football League in 1983. The league folded after the 1985 season, amid his push to shift games to the fall and pursue an antitrust lawsuit aimed at forcing a merger with the NFL.

In the late 1980s, he briefly sponsored the Tour de Trump cycling race in an effort to establish a U.S. counterpart to Europe’s major cycling tours. Around the same time, he purchased substantial stakes in several public companies, publicly hinting at possible takeovers before selling his shares—moves that some analysts characterized as “greenmail.”

In 1988, he acquired the Eastern Air Lines Shuttle, renaming it Trump Shuttle, financing the purchase with $380 million in bank loans. The venture faltered, and after he defaulted in 1991, the airline’s ownership passed to lenders.

In 1996, Trump bought the Miss Universe Organization, which included the Miss USA and Miss Teen USA pageants. After a programming dispute with CBS, the pageants moved to NBC in 2002. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2007 for his role as producer. In 2015, NBC and Univision ended their association with the pageants following controversial remarks he made about Mexican immigrants.

Trump University: Rise, Controversy, and Settlement

In 2005, Trump University was launched as a for-profit education venture focused on real estate investing. Co-founded by Donald Trump, the program marketed itself as a pathway to financial success, offering seminars, workshops, and mentorship packages that ranged in price from a few thousand dollars to as much as $35,000.

Despite its name, Trump University was not an accredited academic institution and did not grant college degrees. In 2010, after New York State authorities ruled that the use of the term “university” violated state education laws, the organization was rebranded as the Trump Entrepreneur Initiative.

In 2013, the State of New York filed a $40 million civil lawsuit against the company, alleging deceptive business practices and accusing it of misleading students with false claims about the value and outcomes of its programs. According to court filings, promotional materials suggested that participants would learn Trump’s personal real estate strategies and gain access to exclusive insider knowledge.

Two additional class-action lawsuits were filed in federal court against Trump and the organization. Court documents later revealed that some employees were directed to use aggressive sales tactics to encourage students to purchase increasingly expensive courses. Several former staff members testified that the company misrepresented its services and failed to deliver on promised mentorship and investment guidance.

Shortly after winning the 2016 presidential election, Trump agreed to settle the three cases for a combined total of $25 million. The settlement did not require him to admit wrongdoing but resolved the legal disputes brought by the State of New York and former students.

The Trump University controversy became one of the most prominent legal challenges tied to Trump’s business career, drawing national attention during his presidential campaign and raising broader questions about consumer protection and for-profit education ventures.

Trump Foundation Under Scrutiny: Legal Battles, Dissolution, and Financial Fallout

The charitable arm once bearing the name of former U.S. President Donald Trump became the center of mounting legal and ethical controversy, culminating in court-ordered penalties and its eventual closure.

Founded in 1988, the Donald J. Trump Foundation initially received steady personal contributions from Trump, totaling $5.4 million between 1987 and 2006. After a final combined donation of $65,000 in 2007 and 2008, Trump ceased contributing his own funds. Despite this, the foundation continued raising millions from outside donors, including a notable $5 million contribution from wrestling executive Vince McMahon.

The foundation distributed funds to health and sports charities, conservative organizations, and groups that hosted events at Trump-owned properties. However, scrutiny intensified during the 2016 presidential campaign. Investigative reporting by The Washington Post detailed potential legal and ethical violations, including allegations of self-dealing and improper political expenditures.

That same year, the office of the New York Attorney General’s Office declared the foundation had violated state law by soliciting donations without mandatory audits and ordered it to halt fundraising activities in New York. In December 2016, Trump’s team announced plans to dissolve the organization.

Legal troubles deepened in June 2018 when the state filed a civil lawsuit against the foundation, Trump, and his adult children, seeking $2.8 million in restitution and additional penalties. By December 2018, the foundation formally shut down and distributed its remaining assets to other charitable organizations. A year later, in November 2019, a New York state judge ordered Trump to pay $2 million to a group of charities after determining that foundation funds had been misused, partly to support his presidential campaign.

Beyond the foundation controversy, Trump’s business empire has long been entangled in litigation. A 2018 review by USA Today found that Trump and his companies had been involved in more than 4,000 state and federal legal actions over the decades.

Although Trump has never filed for personal bankruptcy, several of his heavily leveraged hotel and casino ventures did. Between 1991 and 2009, his Atlantic City and New York casino businesses sought Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection six times, allowing operations to continue while debt was restructured. During these proceedings, banks reduced his ownership stakes in the properties.

In the 1980s, more than 70 banks extended roughly $4 billion in loans to Trump’s ventures. However, following corporate bankruptcies in the early 1990s, many major financial institutions distanced themselves from him. One notable exception was Deutsche Bank, which continued lending to Trump for years.

That relationship ultimately ended in the aftermath of the January 6, 2021, U.S. Capitol attack, when Deutsche Bank announced it would no longer conduct business with Trump or his affiliated entities.

The trajectory of the Donald J. Trump Foundation — from high-profile philanthropy to court-ordered dissolution — underscores the complex intersection of charity, business, and politics. Coupled with decades of litigation and corporate restructurings, the legal chapters surrounding Trump’s financial dealings remain a defining feature of his public life.

Media Career
Donald Trump has authored 19 books, most of which were written or co-written with ghostwriters. His debut book, The Art of the Deal (1987), became a New York Times Best Seller and was credited by The New Yorker with establishing him as a symbol of a successful tycoon. The book was ghostwritten by Tony Schwartz, who is recognized as a coauthor. Between 1985 and 2001, Trump made numerous cameo appearances in films and television shows. He developed a political style influenced by professional wrestling, occasionally portraying himself as a wealthy magnate at WWE events, including WrestleMania 23 in 2007. Beginning in the 1990s, Trump appeared 24 times on the nationally syndicated Howard Stern Show. He also hosted a short-form radio talk program, Trumped!, from 2004 to 2008 and was a guest commentator on Fox & Friends from 2011 to 2015. In 2021, Trump resigned from SAG-AFTRA, a union he had belonged to since 1989, to avoid a disciplinary hearing over the January 6 attack; the union permanently expelled him two days later.

Trump became a household name in television through producer Mark Burnett’s reality series The Apprentice, which he hosted from 2004 to 2015, including its spin-off The Celebrity Apprentice. On the show, he played a wealthy CEO who eliminated contestants with the signature phrase, “You’re fired.” The New York Times described his portrayal as a “highly flattering, highly fictionalized” version of himself. The series significantly reshaped Trump’s public image and, through related licensing deals, earned him over $400 million.

Trump’s political affiliations have shifted over time: he registered as a Republican in Queens in 1969 and in Manhattan in 1987; joined the Independence Party (New York’s Reform Party affiliate) in 1999; became a Democrat in 2001; a Republican again in 2009; unaffiliated in 2011; and returned to the Republican Party in 2012.

In 1987, he ran full-page ads in major newspapers expressing his views on foreign policy and strategies to eliminate the federal budget deficit. In 1988, he approached Lee Atwater to be considered as a potential running mate for Republican nominee George H. W. Bush, a request Bush reportedly found “strange and unbelievable.” Trump briefly ran in the 2000 Reform Party presidential primaries before withdrawing in February of that year. In 2011, he considered challenging President Barack Obama in the 2012 election, speaking at the Conservative Political Action Conference and campaigning in early primary states, but ultimately announced in May that he would not run.

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633. Trump went broke, but stayed on top
634. Inside The Epic Fantasy That’s Driven Donald Trump For 33 Years
635. Forbes World’s Billionaires List – The Richest in 2025
636.  Inside the Long Friendship Between Trump and Epstein
637. A timeline of how the Epstein controversy became a headache for Trump
638. 6 Takeaways From the First Batch of the Epstein Files
639.  How Trump Appears in the Epstein Files
640.  In Trump and Biden, a Choice of Teetotalers for President
641. Kavanaugh likes beer — but Trump is a teetotaler: ‘He doesn’t like drinkers.
642.  Donald Trump sleeps 4–5 hours each night; he’s not the only famous ‘short sleeper
643.  Donald Trump says he gets most of his exercise from golf, then uses cart at Turnberry
644.  Trump thinks that exercising too much uses up the body’s ‘finite’ energy
645. Exclusive: Bornstein claims Trump dictated the glowing health letter
646.  Trump doctor Harold Bornstein says bodyguard, lawyer ‘raided’ his office, took medical files
647.  Trump: If I’m president, ‘Christianity will have power’ in the US
648.  Trump on God: ‘Hopefully I won’t have to be asking for much forgiveness
649.  Trump, confirmed a Presbyterian, now identifies as ‘non-denominational Christian
650.  Most Americans don’t see Trump as religious; fewer than half say they think he’s Christian
651.  Op-Ed: Is Trump religious? Who cares?
652.  Citing ‘Two Corinthians,’ Trump Struggles To Make The Sale To Evangelicals
653. Paula White, Newest White House Aide, Is a Uniquely Trumpian Pastor
654.  Trump Appoints Paula White to Oversee Faith Office
655.  Paula White, Trump’s Personal Pastor, Joins the White House
656.  False teacher’: Trump’s pick to head the ‘White House faith office’ roils some fellow Christians
657.  Trump’s new faith office. What to know about controversial Florida pastor Paula White